Sodium amide is a strong inorganic base, also known as sodamide.

Formula and structure: The chemical formula of sodium amide is NaNH2 and the molar mass is 39.01 g/mol. NaNH2 is a salt-like material with tetrahedral crystal structure. It is composed of sodium ions (Na+) and amide ions (NH2-), and its chemical structure is shown below. The free amide ion makes this molecule a strong base.

Preparation: Sodium amide is prepared by reacting metallic sodium with ammonia gas or liquid ammonia. The common production method is to use sodium and ferric nitrate catalysts in liquid ammonia to speed up the production process. The reaction continues to form an charged intermediate, which then rapidly produces sodium amide and hydrogen.

2 Na+2 NH3→ 2 NaNH2+H2

Physical properties: Sodium amide exists in the form of colorless crystals, with a strong ammonia taste. It has a density of 1.39 g/mL, a melting point of 210°C and a boiling point of 400°C.

Chemical properties: Sodium amide is highly reactive and reacts violently with water to produce ammonia and caustic soda.

NaNH2+H2O→ NH3+ sodium hydroxide

In a closed container, it rapidly absorbs H2O and CO2 from the air, forming peroxides, which are explosive compounds. For this reason, sodium amide is stored in a tightly sealed container under an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. NaNH2 is dissolved in liquid ammonia to obtain an ionic conductive solution. It is insoluble in many organic solvents.

Uses: Sodium amide is a strong base used in many chemical reactions, especially in organic synthesis. It is also used in the preparation of some dyes (such as indigo) and several important organic compounds (such as hydrazine, sodium cyanide).

Health effects/Safety concerns: Sodium amide reacts violently with air and water and can also form explosive peroxides. It is also a serious health hazard. When inhaled, it can cause severe irritation to the eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract, and even chemical burns. Inhalation or ingestion can cause severe gastrointestinal burns and be fatal.