JAVA was invented by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems Inc in 1995. It was later purchased from Oracle Corporation. It is a basic programming language. Java allows writing, compiling and debugging programming a breeze. It allows you to write reusable software and programs that are modular. Java is an 'class-based object-oriented programming system and was created to have as little implementation dependencies as is possible. It is a general purpose programming language created for developers to write one time run on any platform that has compiled Java code is able to run on all platforms that can run Java. Java applications are written in byte code that runs in every Java Virtual Machine. Its syntax Java is very similar to that of c/cas well as ++.

The underlying principles behind Java were easy, reliable and secure, as well as high performance and multi-threaded. dynamic, and interpreted. In 1995, Java was created through James Gosling, who is widely regarded as the father of Java. Today, Java is used in smartphones, internet games, programming as well as e-business.

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Java programming language referred to as JAVA. Why?

Following the name OAK was chosen, the team decided to come up with an entirely new name and the names suggested included Silk Jolt, Silk DNA, revolutionary, dynamic and so on. The names were all easy to pronounce and enjoyable to use however, they all desired the name to represent the fundamentals of technology. According to James Gosling, Java the one of the most popular names, alongside Silk and Silk, and because Java was a distinctive name, many people chose it.

Primary/Main Features of Java

1. Compiler is platform independent: 

It converts source code into bytes and then the JVM runs the bytecode created from the compiler. The bytecode is able to run on any platform, be it Windows, Linux, or macOS so that if we build an application on Windows it is able to execute it using Linux and reverse. Each operating system runs an individual JVM and the output produced by operating systems is identical following the execution of bytecode. This is the reason we consider Java a language that is platform independent.

2. Object-Oriented programming language: 

Organizing your program in terms of objects as collections is a method of object-oriented programming. Each of that represents the instance in the class.

The four fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming are:

• Abstraction

• Encapsulation

• Inheritance

• Polymorphism

3. Easy:

 Java is one of the most basic languages because it doesn't have complicated features such as pointers, operator overloading and multiple inheritance and explicit memory allocation.

4. It is robust:

Java programming language has a robust structure that is to say it is reliable. It has been designed so that it invests a lot of effort into identifying mistakes at the earliest possible time which is the reason Java's compiler is capable of detecting errors that aren't easy to detect in a different programming language. The primary features of Java that makes it robust are garbage handling, exception handling as well as memory allocation.

5. Secure: 

In Java there aren't any pointers, which means that we can't gain access to out-of-bound arrays i.e it throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBound exception when we attempt to access them. This is the reason that security flaws , like buffer overflow or stack corruption are not exploitable in Java. Additionally, Java programs operate in a context that is independent from their os(operating operating system) environment. This makes Java applications more safe .

6. Distributed: 

We are able to create distributed applications with the Java programming language. Remote Method Invocation, Enterprise Java Beans and can be utilized to create distributed Java applications. Java applications are easily distributed across several systems that are linked to one another via Internet connectivity.

7. Multithreading: 

Java has support for multithreading. It's an Java feature that permits concurrent running of more than two components of a program, allowing for the maximum use of CPU.

8. Mobile: 

We all know that java code created on one machine is able to be executed on another machine. Java's feature of being platform independent that allows its bytecode to be platform-independent and can be transferred to any platform to run is what makes Java portable.

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9. Highly Performance:

Java technology is structured in a way so that it decreases the overhead of the runtime. In addition, at some point, Java utilizes Just In Time (JIT) compiler , where the compiler compiles basic code on demand. It only compiles the methods that enable applications faster to run.

10. Flexible and dynamic: 

Java being completely object-oriented allows us to add classes, add new methods to existing classes, or even create new classes by subclassing them. Java can also support functions written in different languages, such as C, C++ that are known as native methods.