In this article, we will discuss Normalization in data mining, the popular methods, and how to do it. Let us begin with a short introduction on normalization in data mining.

What is Normalization in Data Mining?

Data normalization is the process of analyzing and dividing tables to eliminate data repetition and provide uniformity in data for more efficient data processing. It is a multi-stage process for extracting unique information from relational databases and translating the resulting data into a tabular representation.

Normalization techniques are employed in data mining to limit the values of an attribute to a smaller range, say -1.0 to 1.0. To speed up the processing of information, data normalization is typically employed to lessen the volume of data containing redundant information.

Classification models are where data normalization techniques in data mining are most commonly used.

There are certain benefits obtained by using normalization methods in data mining, which are quite useful. Firstly, applying it to a series of normalized data is much simpler. Then, it provides more accurate and effective results. Further, data extraction from databases becomes faster once data gets standardized. Finally, we can use more specialized data analysis methods on normalized data.

Various Normalization Techniques in Data Mining

In this section, we will discuss the most popular normalization techniques in data mining. Let's get started.

Z-score Normalization

Data Mining uses the Z-Score value, one of the Normalization Techniques, to quantify the extent to which an individual observation differs from the mean. It figures out the number of standard deviations below and above the mean. The range is potentially -3 standard deviations to +3 standard deviations. Data analysis using a comparison to a mean (average) value, such as test or survey results, benefits from applying Z-score normalization techniques in data mining. Eighty kilograms, for example, is the average weight of a human being. Let's say you have a vast data table and want to see how that number stacks up against the population's average weight there. If the unit of measurement is kilograms, then Z-score normalization is what you'll want to employ.

Min Max Normalization

Which is easier to grasp, the difference between 0.5 and 1 or between 500 and 1,000,000? Lessening the gap between the data's lowest and highest points makes the information easier to digest. Using a min-max normalization scale, a dataset can be transformed into a value between zero and one. In this process of data normalization, the original data is transformed linearly. Each value is adjusted using the following formula, which is applied to the minimum and maximum values from the data set.

Formula: (v – min A) / (max A – min A) *(new_max A – new_min A) + new_min A

●       A is the attribute data.

●       Min(A) and Max(A) are A's minima and maxima absolute values.

●       v' is the new value of every data entry.

●       v is the old value of every data entry.

●       new_max(A), new_min(A) is the max and min value of the range.

Decimal Scaling Normalization

One alternative method of normalization in data mining is the use of decimal scaling. The system functions by adjusting integers to the next whole number. The decimal point is moved to achieve data normalization. In this data normalization method, we take the biggest absolute value and divide it by each individual data point.

The data value, vi, is normalized to vi' using the formula below.

Formula: v’ = v / 10^j

●       v' is the new value after decimal scaling is applied.

●       The attribute's value is represented by V.

●       The decimal point movement is now defined by integer J.

The feature F values might be anywhere from 850 to 825. Consider j = 3. F's maximum value is 850. Thus that's the highest possible. To normalize using decimal scaling, we need to divide all of our variables by 1,000. So, 850 becomes 0,850, and 825 becomes 0,825 to reflect this transformation. The technique involves adjusting the data's decimal places based on the maximum absolute value. In this approach, the means of the normalized data will consistently range from 0 to 1.

Need of Normalization in Data Mining

Normalization is typically required when working with large data sets to guarantee that you do not take the data's consistency and quality for granted. Normalization Techniques in Data Mining are essential for ensuring consistency in enormous data sets, as it is impossible to check for problems and fix each record manually. Predictions made using models constructed from data with many attributes and widely varying values are subject to error. As a result, they undergo normalization to ensure that all qualities are measured consistently.

Normalization techniques are useful in data mining for several different reasons. There has been a substantial improvement in the efficacy and efficiency of normalization procedures used in data mining. The information is recast in a language that anyone may comprehend. It's easier to access databases, and the data may be evaluated in a predetermined manner.

Final Words

This was all about normalization in data mining. We even discussed the popular normalization techniques used in data mining: Z Score Normalization, Min Max Normalization, and Decimal Scaling Normalization. If you are great with data and numbers and find the tech domain your sweet spot, data science and data structures and algorithms are the perfect career paths for you.

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