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Psoriasis - Types, Causes and Risk Factors of Psoriasis
What is psoriasis?
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated genetic disease found on the skin, joints, or both. Although it can affect any part of your body, psoriasis plaques most often develop on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms of the hands, and feet. The lesions are small and solitary or are accompanied by large plaques that usually form geometric patterns with the central area of normal skin.
In many cases, the nails become thick, laminate unevenly, and become brittle. In addition to plaque psoriasis, there are four other types of psoriasis, including guttural, pustular, transverse (or flexural), and erythrodermic.
Who gets psoriasis?
Psoriasis affects 2-4% of men and women. It can begin at any age, including childhood, with early peaks between 15 and 25 years and between 50 and 60 years. Lasts a lifetime, wide fluctuations, and intensity. It is very common in Caucasians but affects people of any race. One-third of psoriasis patients have relatives with psoriasis.
Types of psoriasis
The different types of psoriasis are:
Psoriasis Vulgaris: The most common form of psoriasis affecting 80% of sufferers is psoriasis Vulgaris ("Vulgaris" means common). It is also known as plaque psoriasis because of the well-defined areas of increased redness that characterize this form. These enlarged red plaques are silvery-white in color with a layer called scale made up of dead skin cells. The scale often becomes loose and falls off.
Guttate psoriasis: Guttate psoriasis is a subtype of psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease. Gutta is the Latin word for a drop of liquid. Guttate psoriasis can cause tiny droplet-shaped papules or scars.
Inverse psoriasis: This is also known as flexural psoriasis. Inverted psoriasis is a skin condition that affects the folds of the skin.
Pustular psoriasis: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by the appearance of white, purulent blisters surrounded by pale, red skin.
Erythrodermic psoriasis: Erythrodermic psoriasis is a rare, but very serious form of psoriasis. It causes a bright red rash that is itchy and painful. The skin peels off in large sheets.
Causes of psoriasis
Psoriasis makes skin cells overactive - they grow five times faster than normal skin cells. And your body can't keep up. Instead of slowing down old cells, they form thick, scaly, itchy patches.
Dermatologist near me are not clear about what causes psoriasis. However, thanks to decades of research, they have a general idea of two main factors: genetics and the immune system.
Immune system
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease. The body attacks itself, causing autoimmune diseases. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells called T cells accidentally attack skin cells.
In a normal body, white blood cells implant to attack and destroy invading bacteria and to fight infection. This erroneous attack causes the skin cell production process to accelerate. Speed up skin cell production New skin cells grow very quickly. They push themselves to the surface of the skin, where they pile up.
Genetics
Some people inherit genes that make them more likely to improve psoriasis. If you have an immediate family member with a skin condition, your risk of developing psoriasis is high. However, the percentage of people with psoriasis and genetic predisposition is low.
Risk factors for psoriasis
Risk factors for psoriasis that include:
● Stress/emotional disorders
● Infection
● Skin injuries
● HIV/AIDS
● Obesity
● Alcoholism
Signs and symptoms of psoriasis
Dry, thick, and raised patches on the skin are the most basic sign of psoriasis. These patches are often covered in a silvery-white coating called the scale and itch.
Although patches of thick, dry skin are common, psoriasis can cause many signs and symptoms. What you see and feel varies:
● Bright red raised patches of skin (called plaques). They are usually loose, covered in silver scales. They are usually located on the knees, elbows, or lower back.
● Small areas of bleeding when the skin scales are picked or scraped (Auspitz's sign).
● Smooth scaling to thick, crusted plaques on the scalp.
● Itching, especially during a flash fire or when psoriasis plaques are found in the folds of the body, such as under the breasts or buttocks.
● Discolored or pitted nails.
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